Enhanced Intestinal Immune Response in Mice after Oral Administration of Korea Red Ginseng-Derived Polysaccharide
- Authors
- Park, Do Hwi; Han, Byungcheol; Shin, Myoung-Sook; Hwang, Gwi Seo
- Issue Date
- Oct-2020
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- IgA; Korea red ginseng polysaccharide; Peyer' s patch; α-defensin-1
- Citation
- Polymers, v.12, no.10
- Journal Title
- Polymers
- Volume
- 12
- Number
- 10
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/78961
- DOI
- 10.3390/POLYM12102186
- ISSN
- 2073-4360
- Abstract
- (1) Background: The immunostimulatory role of the polysaccharide fraction (KRG-P) of Korea red ginseng (KRG) was studied in cells. However, its immunomodulatory activity is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the chemical properties of KRG-P and its intestinal immune responses in vitro and in vivo. (2) Methods: KRG-P monosaccharide composition and molecular weight were determined using high-performance liquid and size-exclusion chromatography systems. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and α-defensin-1 transcript levels were measured using a SYBR Green qRT-PCR; defensin-1, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IgA protein levels were determined using Western blotting and ELISA kits. (3) Results: The molecular weight of KRG-P was estimated to be 106 kDa, and it contained neutral sugar (74.3%), uronic acid (24.6%), and proteins (1%). In vitro studies of intestinal immunomodulatory activity of KRG-P indicated that GM-CSF and IgA levels increased in Peyer's patch cells to higher levels than those obtained with KRG and induced bone marrow cell proliferation. In in vivo study, oral KRG-P administration to mice upregulated the expression of α-defensin-1 and IgA in the small intestinal tissue and that of secreted IgA in the feces. (4) Conclusions: KRG-P contributed to the modulation of intestinal immunity and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis against intestinal infection. © 2020 by the authors.
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