Identification of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Hawaiian Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) Fruit Juice
- Authors
- Lee, D.; Yu, J.S.; Huang, P.; Qader, M.; Manavalan, A.; Wu, X.; Kim, J.-C.; Pang, C.; Cao, S.; Kang, K.S.; Kim, K.H.
- Issue Date
- Nov-2020
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- anti-inflammation; Morinda citrifolia; NO production; noni; RAW 264.7 cells
- Citation
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), v.25, no.21
- Journal Title
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Volume
- 25
- Number
- 21
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/79109
- DOI
- 10.3390/molecules25214968
- ISSN
- 1420-3049
- Abstract
- Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit juice has been used in Polynesia as a traditional folk medicine and is very popular worldwide as a functional food supplement. In this study, compounds present in Hawaiian Noni fruit juice, with anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were identified. Five compounds were isolated using a bioassay-driven technique and phytochemical analysis of noni fruit juice: asperulosidic acid (1), rutin (2), nonioside A (3), (2E,4E,7Z)-deca-2,4,7-trienoate-2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), and tricetin (5). The structures of these five compounds were determined via NMR spectroscopy and LC/MS. In an anti-inflammatory assay, compounds 1-5 inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), which is a proinflammatory mediator, in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds 1-5 were investigated. Parallel to the inhibition of NO production, treatment with compounds 1-5 downregulated the expression of IKKα/β, I-κBα, and NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, treatment with compounds 1-5 downregulated the expression of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Thus, these data demonstrated that compounds 1-5 present in noni fruit juice, exhibited potential anti-inflammatory activity; these active compounds may contribute preventively and therapeutically against inflammatory diseases.
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