Alleviative Effect of Geniposide on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages via Calcium Pathwayopen access
- Authors
- Kim, Hyun-Ju; Park, Wansu
- Issue Date
- Feb-2024
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- geniposide; lipopolysaccharide; inflammation; macrophages; cytokine; calcium; P38 MAPK
- Citation
- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, v.25, no.3
- Journal Title
- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
- Volume
- 25
- Number
- 3
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/90636
- DOI
- 10.3390/ijms25031728
- ISSN
- 1661-6596
1422-0067
- Abstract
- In this study, we investigated how geniposide (a bioactive ingredient of gardenia fruit) acts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Griess reagent assay, Fluo-4 calcium assay, dihydrorhodamine 123 assay, multiplex cytokine assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and flow cytometry assay were used for this study. Data showed that geniposide at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 mu M reduced significantly the levels of nitric oxide, intracellular Ca2+, and hydrogen peroxide in LPS-activated RAW 264.7. Multiplex cytokine assay showed that geniposide at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 mu M meaningfully suppressed levels of IL-6, G-CSF, MCP-1, and MIP-1 alpha in RAW 264.7 provoked by LPS; additionally, geniposide at concentrations of 25 and 50 mu M meaningfully suppressed the levels of TNF-alpha, IP-10, GM-CSF, and MIP-1 beta. Flow cytometry assay showed that geniposide reduces significantly the level of activated P38 MAPK in RAW 264.7 provoked by LPS. Geniposide meaningfully suppressed LPS-induced transcription of inflammatory target genes, such as Chop, Jak2, Fas, c-Jun, c-Fos, Stat3, Nos2, Ptgs2, Gadd34, Asc, Xbp1, Nlrp3, and Par-2. Taken together, geniposide exerts alleviative effects in LPS-stimulated macrophages via the calcium pathway.
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