PARaDIM: A PHITS-Based Monte Carlo Tool for Internal Dosimetry with Tetrahedral Mesh Computational Phantomsopen access
- Authors
- Carter, Lukas M.; Crawford, Troy M.; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Furuta, Takuya; Choi, Chansoo; Kim, Chan Hyeong; Brown, Justin L.; Bolch, Wesley E.; Zanzonico, Pat B.; Lewis, Jason S.
- Issue Date
- Dec-2019
- Publisher
- SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC
- Keywords
- PARaDIM; PHITS; dosimetry; tetrahedral mesh; phantom
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE, v.60, no.12, pp.1802 - 1811
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
- Volume
- 60
- Number
- 12
- Start Page
- 1802
- End Page
- 1811
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/11607
- DOI
- 10.2967/jnumed.119.229013
- ISSN
- 0161-5505
- Abstract
- Mesh-type and voxel-based computational phantoms comprise the current state of the art for internal dose assessment via Monte Carlo simulations but excel in different aspects, with mesh-type phantoms offering advantages over their voxel counterparts in terms of their flexibility and realistic representation of detailed patient- or subject-specific anatomy. We have developed PARaDIM (pronounced "paradigm": Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System-Based Application for Radionuclide Dosimetry in Meshes), a freeware application for implementing tetrahedral mesh-type phantoms in absorbed dose calculations. It considers all medically relevant radionuclides, including alpha, beta, gamma, positron, and Auger/conversion electron emitters, and handles calculation of mean dose to individual regions, as well as 3-dimensional dose distributions for visualization and analysis in a variety of medical imaging software. This work describes the development of PARaDIM, documents the measures taken to test and validate its performance, and presents examples of its uses. Methods: Human, small-animal, and cell-level dose calculations were performed with PARaDIM and the results compared with those of widely accepted dosimetry programs and literature data. Several tetrahedral phantoms were developed or adapted using computer-aided modeling techniques for these comparisons. Results: For human dose calculations, agreement of PARaDIM with OLINDA 2.0 was good-within 10%-20% for most organs-despite geometric differences among the phantoms tested. Agreement with MIRDcell for cell-level S value calculations was within 5% in most cases. Conclusion: PARaDIM extends the use of Monte Carlo dose calculations to the broader community in nuclear medicine by providing a user-friendly graphical user interface for calculation setup and execution. PARaDIM lever-ages the enhanced anatomic realism provided by advanced computational reference phantoms or bespoke image-derived phantoms to enable improved assessments of radiation doses in a variety of radiopharmaceutical use cases, research, and preclinical development.
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