Effects of fuel-injection systems on particle emission characteristics of gasoline vehicles
- Authors
- Choi, Yonghyun; Lee, Jongtae; Jang, Jihwan; Park, Sungwook
- Issue Date
- Nov-2019
- Publisher
- PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
- Keywords
- Port fuel injection; Gasoline direct injection; Fuel-injection pressure; Organic carbon; Elemental carbon
- Citation
- ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, v.217
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
- Volume
- 217
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/12358
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116941
- ISSN
- 1352-2310
- Abstract
- In this study, the particle emission characteristics of gasoline vehicles with four different types of spark ignition engines, i.e., port fuel-injection (PFI), 150-bar side-mounted gasoline direct-injection (GDI), 200-bar side-mounted GDI, and 200-bar center-mounted GDI vehicles, were evaluated using Federal Test Procedure-75 (FTP-75) and worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC). Particulate matter (PM), particle number (PN), and organic carbon/elemental carbon ratio (GC/EC) were evaluated using a PM holder, a solid particle counting system, and an OC/EC analyzer. The results of the PM and PN emissions tests indicated that GDI 200-bar vehicles emitted less than GDI 150-bar vehicles, and center-mounted vehicles emitted less than side-mounted vehicles. PFI vehicles showed 15% higher PN emission rates compared with GDI vehicles during acceleration conditions in FFP-75 mode. Additionally, PN emissions in WLTC hot mode indicated that speed affects PFI vehicles more than GDI vehicles. Furthermore, PFI vehicles did not show significant PN emissions in a low-speed phase, even at high acceleration. PFI vehicles showed 15% higher PN emission rates compared with GDI vehicles while accelerating in FTP-75 mode. PFI and GDI side-mounted vehicles showed higher OC emission rates in hot mode than in cold mode.
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