Physicochemical properties and cell permeation efficiency of l-ascorbic acid loaded nanoparticles prepared with N-trimethyl chitosan and N-triethyl chitosan

Abstract

The physicochemical properties and permeation efficiency of l-ascorbic acid (AA)-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) prepared using N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and Ntriethyl chitosan (TEC) were investigated. The sizes of AA-TMC-NPs and AA-TEC-NPs were 568 +/- 50 and 150 +/- 15 nm, respectively and both zeta potential values were slightly positively charged. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of AA-TMC-NPs was consistently between 40 and 45%, but the EE of AA-TEC-NPs varied between 18 and 56%. The release rate increased with increased temperatures for both NPs. AA-TMC-NPs exhibited an initial burst release, while AA-TEC-NPs exhibited a controlled release, increasing rapidly after 2 h. The pH-related release pattern was similar to the temperature-related release pattern. The permeation efficiency into Caco-2 cells, in order from lowest to highest, was AA, an AA mixture with TMC, an AA mixture with TEC, AA-TMC-NPs, and AA-TEC-NPs. Both NPs showed potential to enhance the permeability of AA.