Prevention of free fatty acid-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by carnitine via reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction
- Authors
- Jun, Dae Won; Cho, Won Kyeong; Jun, Jin Hyun; Kwon, Hyuk Jin; Jang, Ki-Seok; Kim, Hyun-Jeong; Jeon, Hye Jun; Lee, Kang Nyeong; Lee, Hang Lak; Lee, Oh Young; Yoon, Byung Chul; Choi, Ho Soon; Hahm, Joon Soo; Lee, Min Ho
- Issue Date
- Oct-2011
- Publisher
- WILEY
- Keywords
- carnitine; lipotoxicity; mitochondria
- Citation
- LIVER INTERNATIONAL, v.31, no.9, pp.1315 - 1324
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- LIVER INTERNATIONAL
- Volume
- 31
- Number
- 9
- Start Page
- 1315
- End Page
- 1324
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/167465
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02602.x
- ISSN
- 1478-3223
- Abstract
- Background: Mitochondria are the main sites for fatty acid oxidation and play a central role in lipotoxicity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Aims: We investigated whether carnitine prevents free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Methods: HepG2 cells were incubated with FFA, along with carnitine and carnitine complexes. Mitochondrial beta-oxidation, transmembrane potential, intracellular ATP levels and changes in mitochondrial copy number and morphology were analysed. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats were segregated into three experimental groups and fed for 8 weeks with (i) normal chow, (ii) a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet or (iii) an L-carnitine-supplemented MCD diet. Results: Carnitine prevented FFA-induced apoptosis (16% vs. 3%, P < 0.05). FFA treatment resulted in swollen mitochondria with increased inner matrix density and loss of cristae. However, mitochondria co-treated with carnitine had normal ultrastructure. The mitochondrial DNA copy number was higher in the carnitine treatment group than in the palmitic acid treatment group (375 vs. 221 copies, P < 0.05). The carnitine group showed higher mitochondrial beta-oxidation than did the control and palmitic acid treatment groups (597 vs. 432 and 395 ccpm, P < 0.05). Carnitine treatment increased the mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and carnitine-lipoic acid further augmented the mRNA expression. In the in vivo model, carnitine-treated rats showed lower alanine transaminase levels and lesser lobular inflammation than did the MCD-treated rats. Conclusions: Carnitine and carnitine-lipoic acid prevent lipotoxicity by increasing mitochondrial beta-oxidation and reducing intracellular oxidative stress.
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