A 32-Gb/s High-Swing PAM-4 Current-Mode Driver with Current-Bleeding Cascode Technique and Capacitive-Coupled Pre-drivers in 40-nm CMOS for Short-Reach Wireline Communications
- Authors
- Song, Eunji; Yang, Jeonghyu; Hong, Seungwook; Han, Jae duk
- Issue Date
- Aug-2022
- Publisher
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
- Keywords
- capacitive coupling; cascode; current bleeding; current-mode driver; high-swing; PAM-4; transmitter
- Citation
- Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, v.2022-August, pp.1 - 4
- Indexed
- SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems
- Volume
- 2022-August
- Start Page
- 1
- End Page
- 4
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/172574
- DOI
- 10.1109/MWSCAS54063.2022.9859487
- ISSN
- 1548-3746
- Abstract
- This paper describes a 32-Gb/s high-swing PAM4 transmit driver for short-reach wireline communications. The proposed current-mode transmitter utilizes the current-bleeding cascode technique to achieve the 1.4-V differential peak-to-peak swing without violating breakdown constraints. The transmitter bandwidth is enhanced by capacitive-coupled pre-drivers to maximize the cursor amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio. The transmitter test chip is fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process and occupies 0.004 mm2. The design achieves a 32-Gb/s data rate with 157-mV eye height and 2.3-pJ/bit energy efficiency.
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