Minimizing susceptibility-induced BOLD sensitivity loss in multi-band accelerated fMRI using point spread function mapping and gradient reversal
- Authors
- In, Myung-Ho; Kang, Daehun; Jo, Hang Joon; Yarach, Uten; Meyer, Nolan K.; Trzasko, Joshua D.; Huston III, John; Bernstein, Matt A.; Shu, Yunhong
- Issue Date
- Jan-2023
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing Ltd
- Keywords
- point spread function; reverse gradient approach; susceptibility artifacts; EPI distortion; geometric distortion; signal loss
- Citation
- PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, v.68, no.2, pp.1 - 13
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
- Volume
- 68
- Number
- 2
- Start Page
- 1
- End Page
- 13
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/182344
- DOI
- 10.1088/1361-6560/acae14
- ISSN
- 0031-9155
- Abstract
- Objective. Interleaved reverse-gradient fMRI (RG-fMRI) with a point-spread-function (PSF) mapping-based distortion correction scheme has the potential to minimize signal loss in echo-planar-imaging (EPI). In this work, the RG-fMRI is further improved by imaging protocol optimization and application of reverse Fourier acquisition. Approach. Multi-band imaging was adapted for RG-fMRI to improve the temporal and spatial resolution. To better understand signal dropouts in forward and reverse EPIs, a simple theoretical relationship between echo shift and geometric distortion was derived and validated by the reliable measurements using PSF mapping method. After examining practical imaging protocols for RG-fMRI in three subjects on both a conventional whole-body and a high-performance compact 3 T, the results were compared and the feasibility to further improve the RG-fMRI scheme were explored. High-resolution breath-holding RG-fMRI was conducted with nine subjects on the compact 3 T and the fMRI reliability improvement in high susceptibility brain regions was demonstrated. Finally, reverse Fourier acquisition was applied to RG-fMRI, and its benefit was assessed by a simulation study based on the breath-holding RG-fMRI data. Main results. The temporal and spatial resolution of the multi-band RG-fMRI became feasible for whole-brain fMRI. Echo shift measurements from PSF mapping well estimated signal dropout effects in the EPI pair and were useful to further improve the RG-fMRI scheme. Breath-holding RG-fMRI demonstrated improved fMRI reliability in high susceptibility brain regions. Reverse partial Fourier acquisition omitting the late echoes could further improve the temporal or spatial resolution for RG-fMRI without noticeable signal degradation and spatial resolution loss. Significance. With the improved imaging scheme, RG-fMRI could reliably investigate the functional mechanisms of the human brain in the temporal and frontal areas suffering from susceptibility-induced functional sensitivity loss.
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