서울시 어린이 놀이시설의 공급특성과 공간적 형평성 분석 : 주거유형에 따른 접근성 격차를 중심으로

Abstract

본 연구는 공간적인 형평성에 주목하여 주택유형에 따른 어린이 놀이시설의 접근성 차이가 존재하는지 분석하였다. 특히, 도시의 구조와 개발 패턴을 고려하여 어린이 놀이시설 접근성에 영향을 미치는 요소를 확인하였다. 더 나아가 본연구는 어린이 놀이시설의 수요와 공급 간 격차를 식별하여 도시정책 및 시설 배치의 우선순위를 제시함으로써 어린이 놀이시설의 공간적 불평등을 실증하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

Children's playgrounds are important urban amenities because they promote the physical and emotional development of children while providing several educational, social, and public health advantages. However, in the case of Seoul, redevelopment and reconstruction is centered on apartment complexes. This causes the polarization of the housing types, which in turn results in the issue of spatial equity due to the differences in the access to playgrounds. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the policy implications of reducing the spatial accessibility gap by studying the spatial distribution characteristics of playgrounds based on the housing types and analyzing the horizontal and vertical equity of playgrounds. To this end, the urban network analysis (UNA) methodology, which supports accessibility analysis through the use of actual road networks, was used to analyze the accessibility and spatial equity of playgrounds in Seoul’s administrative district in 2021. Furthermore, using spatial statistics, this study identifies the main factor affecting the accessibility to playgrounds. The analysis results show that there is a difference in the accessibility to playgrounds based on the house type. Specifically, a higher access to playgrounds is obtained in areas with a high concentration of apartments compared to those with a high concentration of single and multi-family house, and a lower access to playgrounds is observed in areas with a high concentration of detached dwellings and multi-family houses. Moreover, there is a gap in the accessibility to playgrounds based on the difference in the income level. In other words, the children's playgrounds were being hierarchically and unevenly supplied. Finally, this study confirms that the socio-economic factors and physical spatial distribution were found to influence the factors affecting accessibility. Therefore, these results suggest a need to improve the supply and accessibility to playgrounds in existing residential areas located away from urban redevelopment areas.