Spatially resolved steady-state negative capacitanceopen access
- Authors
- Yadav, Ajay K.; Nguyen, Kayla X.; Hong, Zijian; Garcia-Fernandez, Pablo; Aguado-Puente, Pablo; Nelson, Christopher T.; Das, Sujit; Prasad, Bhagawati; Kwon, Daewoong; Cheema, Suraj; Khan, Asif I.; Hu, Chenming; Iniguez, Jorge; Junquera, Javier; Chen, Long-Qing; Muller, David A.; Ramesh, Ramamoorthy; Salahuddin, Sayeef
- Issue Date
- Jan-2019
- Publisher
- NATURE RESEARCH
- Citation
- NATURE, v.565, no.7740, pp.468 - 471
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- NATURE
- Volume
- 565
- Number
- 7740
- Start Page
- 468
- End Page
- 471
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/189915
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41586-018-0855-y
- ISSN
- 0028-0836
- Abstract
- Negative capacitance is a newly discovered state of ferroelectric materials that holds promise for electronics applications by exploiting a region of thermodynamic space that is normally not accessible(1-14). Although existing reports of negative capacitance substantiate the importance of this phenomenon, they have focused on its macroscale manifestation. These manifestations demonstrate possible uses of steady-state negative capacitance-for example, enhancing the capacitance of a ferroelectric-dielectric heterostructure(4,7,14) or improving the subthreshold swing of a transistor(8-12). Yet they constitute only indirect measurements of the local state of negative capacitance in which the ferroelectric resides. Spatial mapping of this phenomenon would help its understanding at a microscopic scale and also help to achieve optimal design of devices with potential technological applications. Here we demonstrate a direct measurement of steady-state negative capacitance in a ferroelectric-dielectric heterostructure. We use electron microscopy complemented by phase-field and first-principles-based (second-principles) simulations in SrTiO3/PbTiO3 superlattices to directly determine, with atomic resolution, the local regions in the ferroelectric material where a state of negative capacitance is stabilized. Simultaneous vector mapping of atomic displacements (related to a complex pattern in the polarization field), in conjunction with reconstruction of the local electric field, identify the negative capacitance regions as those with higher energy density and larger polarizability: the domain walls where the polarization is suppressed.
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