Comparative Study of Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of High-Strength and Conventional Electrical Steel for EV Traction High-Speed Multilayer IPMSM Using Rare-Earth Free PM

Abstract

In this article, the electrical and mechanical characteristics of multilayer interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (ML-IPMSMs) using ferrite permanent magnets (PMs) are compared when driven at high speeds with respect to the type of electrical steel. In high-speed operation, the mechanical and electrical characteristics of ML-IPMSMs vary depending on the number of PM layers, PM shape, number of bridges, and bridge thickness. In addition, ferrite PMs have a lower coercive force than neodymium (Nd) PMs; therefore, irreversible demagnetization (ID) must be considered, and it is affected by the number of PM layers and PM shape of ML-IPMSMs. Thus, when designing a multilayer IPMSM using ferrite PMs for electric vehicle (EV) traction, all characteristics should be considered. Compared to conventional electrical steel (CES), high-strength electrical steel (HSES) offers advantages in mechanical properties, allowing for greater flexibility in ML shape. Consequently, it is possible to design a shape with improved electrical performance when compared to CES by adjusting the ML shape. In this article, all characteristics of each ML-IPMSM using HSES and CES are reviewed via finite element analysis (FEA), and the benefits of HSES-applied motors for high-speed driving motors are presented. To verify the validity of the review content in this article, experiments are conducted on the manufactured motor, and FEA results are compared with the test results.