Effects of ischemic preconditioning on VEGF and pFlk-1 immunoreactivities in the gerbil ischemic hippocampus after transient cerebral ischemia
- Authors
- Park, Yoo Seok; Cho, Jun Hwi; Kim, In Hye; Cho, Geum-Sil; Cho, Jeong-Hwi; Park, Joon Ha; Ahn, Ji Hyeon; Chen, Bai Hui; Shin, Bich-Na; Shin, Myoung Cheol; Tae, Hyun-Jin; Cho, Young Shin; Lee, Yun Lyul; Kim, Young-Myeong; Won, Moo-Ho; Lee, Jae-Chul
- Issue Date
- 15-Dec-2014
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Keywords
- Ischemia-reperfusion; Ischemic preconditioning; Delayed neuronal death; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Phospho-Flk-1; Pericytes
- Citation
- Journal of the Neurological Sciences, v.347, no.1-2, pp 179 - 187
- Pages
- 9
- Journal Title
- Journal of the Neurological Sciences
- Volume
- 347
- Number
- 1-2
- Start Page
- 179
- End Page
- 187
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/sch/handle/2021.sw.sch/11561
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jns.2014.09.044
- ISSN
- 0022-510X
1878-5883
- Abstract
- Ischemia preconditioning (IPC) displays an important adaptation of the CNS to sub-lethal ischemia. In the present study, we examined the effect of IPC on immunoreactivities of VEGF-, and phospho-Flk-1 (pFlk-1) following transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils. The animals were randomly assigned to four groups (sham-operated-group, ischemia-operated-group, IPC plus (+) sham-operated-group, and IPC + ischemia-operated-group). IPC was induced by subjecting gerbils to 2 min of ischemia followed by 1 day of recovery. In the ischemia-operated-group, a significant loss of neurons was observed in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the hippocampal CM region (CA1) alone 5 days after ischemia-reperfusion, however, in all the IPC + ischemia-operated-groups, pyramidal neurons in the SP were well protected. In immunohistochemical study, VEGF immunoreactivity in the ischemia-operated-group was increased in the SP at 1 day post-ischemia and decreased with time. Five days after ischemia-reperfusion, strong VEGF immunoreactivity was found in non-pyramidal cells, which were identified as pericytes, in the stratum oriens (SO) and radiatum (SR). In the IPC + sham-operated- and IPC + ischemia-operated-groups, VEGF immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the SP. pFlk-1 immunoreactivity in the sham-operated- and ischemia-operated-groups was hardly found in the SP, and, from 2 days post-ischemia, pFlk-1 immunoreactivity was strongly increased in non-pyramidal cells, which were identified as pericytes. In the IPC + sham-operated-group, pFlk-1 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in both pyramidal and non-pyramidal cells; in the IPC + ischemia-operated-groups, the similar pattern of VEGF immunoreactivity was found in the ischemic CM, although the VEGF immunoreactivity was strong in non-pyramidal cells at 5 days post-ischemia. In brief, our findings show that IPC dramatically augmented the induction of VEGF and pFlk-1 immunoreactivity in the pyramidal cells of the CA1 after ischemia-reperfusion, and these findings suggest that the increases of VEGF and Flk-1 expressions may be necessary for neurons to survive from transient ischemic damage. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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