Mixtures of glyphosate and surfactant TN20 accelerate cell death via mitochondrial damage-induced apoptosis and necrosis
- Authors
- Kim, Young-hee; Hong, Jung-rak; Gil, Hyo-wook; Song, Ho-yeon; Hong, Sae-yong
- Issue Date
- Feb-2013
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Keywords
- Glyphosate; Surfactant; Mitochondrial damage; Apoptosis; Necrosis
- Citation
- Toxicology in Vitro, v.27, no.1, pp 191 - 197
- Pages
- 7
- Journal Title
- Toxicology in Vitro
- Volume
- 27
- Number
- 1
- Start Page
- 191
- End Page
- 197
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/sch/handle/2021.sw.sch/13948
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.09.021
- ISSN
- 0887-2333
- Abstract
- Glyphosate, a common herbicide, is not toxic under normal exposure circumstances. However, this chemical, when combined with a surfactant, is cytotoxic. In this study, the mechanism of the additive effect of glyphosate and TN-20, a common surfactant in glyphosate herbicides, was investigated. After exposure of rat H9c2 cells to glyphosate and TN-20 mixtures, following assays were performed: flow cytometry to determine the proportion of cells that underwent apoptosis and necrosis; western blotting to determine expression of mitochondrial proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax); immunological methods to evaluate translocation of cytochrome C; luminometric measurements to determine activity of caspases 3/7 and 9; and tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester assay to measure mitochondrial membrane potentials. Bcl-1 intensity decreased while Bax intensity increased with exposure to increasing TN-20 and/or glyphosate concentrations. Caspase activity increased and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased only when the cells were exposed to a mixture of both TN-20 and glyphosate, but not after exposure to either one of these compounds. The results support the possibility that mixtures of glyphosate and TN-20 aggravate mitochondrial damage and induce apoptosis and necrosis. Throughout this process, TN-20 seems to disrupt the integrity of the cellular barrier to glyphosate uptake, promoting glyphosate-mediated toxicity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Collections - College of Medicine > Department of Microbiology > 1. Journal Articles
- College of Medicine > Department of Internal Medicine > 1. Journal Articles
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