Multi-channel biphasic calcium phosphate granules as cell carrier capable of supporting osteogenic priming of mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

Advances in bone tissue engineering include versatile and intricate biomaterial scaffolds in combination with stem cells for enhanced bone regeneration. In this study, a unique scaffold with multi-channels designed to allow cell infiltration within its pores was investigated for its capability to serve as a stable platform for adhesion and osteogenic priming of mesenchymal stem cells. The biphasic calcium phosphate multi-channel granule consisted of 60% hydroxyapatite and 40% beta-tricalcium phosphate. Successful loading and retention of isolated and expanded rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were observed. The cells proliferated within the micro-channels starting from the surface then into the channels. The multi-channel granules were also able to support osteogenic priming of rBMSCs in 2D culture without the aid of a growth factor. Alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and runt-related transcription factor 2 expressions were detected with high osteopontin marker expression in as early as 7 days, which persisted for 14 days of culture under osteogenic condition. Results confirmed commitment towards osteogenic lineage of rBMSCs that have attached and grown onto the surface of the multi-channel granules and thus have high potential as a cell-scaffold based approach in bone regenerative medicine. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.