Bone morphogenetic protein-2 immobilization on porous PCL-BCP-Col composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop novel porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering through surface modification of polycaprolactone-biphasic calcium phosphate-based composites (PCL-BCP). PCL-BCP composites were first fabricated with salt-leaching method followed by aminolysis. Layer by layer (LBL) technique was then used to immobilize collagen (Col) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) on PCL-BCP scaffolds to develop PCL-BCP-Col-BMP-2 composite scaffold. The morphology of the composite was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The efficiency of grafting of Col and BMP-2 on composite scaffold was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Both XPS and FTIR confirmed that Col and BMP-2 were successfully immobilized into PCL-BCP composites. MC3TC3-E1 preosteoblasts cells were cultivated on composites to determine the effect of Col and BMP-2 immobilization on cell viability and proliferation. PCL-BCP-Col-BMP-2 showed more cell attachment, cell viability, and proliferation bone factors compared to PCL-BCP-Col composites. In addition, in vivo bone formation study using rat models showed that PCL-BCP-Col-BMP-2 composites had better bone formation than PCL-BCP-Col scaffold in critical size defect with 4 weeks of duration. These results suggest that PCL-BCP-Col-BMP-2 composites can enhance bone regeneration in critical size defect in a rat model with 4 weeks of duration. (C) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45186.