Intracellular 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate is the signal for carbon catabolite repression of phenylacetic acid metabolism in Pseudomonas putida KT2440

Abstract

The growth pattern of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 in the presence of glucose and phenylacetic acid (PAA), where the sugar is used in preference to the aromatic compound, suggests that there is carbon catabolite repression (CCR) of PAA metabolism by glucose or gluconate. Furthermore, CCR is regulated at the transcriptional level. However, this CCR phenomenon does not occur in PAA-amended minimal medium containing fructose, pyruvate or succinate. We previously identified 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) as an inducer of glucose metabolism, and this has led to this investigation into the role of KDPG as a signal compound for CCR. Two mutant strains, the edd mutant (non-KDPG producer) and the eda mutant (KDPG overproducer), grew in the presence of PAA but not in the presence of glucose. The edd mutant utilized PAA even in the presence of glucose, indicating that CCR had been abolished. This observation has additional support from the finding that there is high phenylacetyl-CoA ligase activity in the edd mutant, even in the presence of glucose+PAA, but not in wild-type cells under the same conditions. Unlike the edd mutant, the eda mutant did not grow in the presence of glucose+PAA. Interestingly, there was no uptake and/or metabolism of PAA in the eda mutant cells under the same conditions. Targeted disruption of PaaX, a repressor of the PAA operon, had no effect on CCR of PAA metabolism in the presence of glucose, suggesting that there is another transcriptional repression system associated with the KDPG signal. This is the first study to demonstrate that KDPG is the true CCR signal of PAA metabolism in P. putida KT2440.