Risk Assessment Considering the Bioavailability of 3-β-d-Glucosides of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol through Food Intake in Koreaopen access
- Authors
- Lee, Sang Yoo; Cho, Solyi; Woo, So Young; Hwang, Myungsil; Chun, Hyang Sook
- Issue Date
- Jul-2023
- Publisher
- NLM (Medline)
- Keywords
- exposure; glucoside conjugate; modified mycotoxin; type B trichothecene
- Citation
- Toxins, v.15, no.7
- Journal Title
- Toxins
- Volume
- 15
- Number
- 7
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/67817
- DOI
- 10.3390/toxins15070460
- ISSN
- 2072-6651
2072-6651
- Abstract
- Deoxynivalenol and nivalenol are major type B trichothecenes and the most frequently occurring mycotoxins worldwide. Their 3-β-d-glucoside forms have recently become a safety management issue. These glucoside conjugates are converted back to the parent toxins during human digestion, but studies to confirm their bioavailability are lacking. In this study, a risk assessment was performed considering the bioavailability of glucoside conjugates. A literature review was conducted to compile the existing bioavailability studies of glucoside conjugates, and three exposure scenarios considering bioavailability were established. As a result of a risk assessment using deterministic and probabilistic methods, both the deoxynivalenol and nivalenol groups had safe levels of tolerable daily intake percentage (TDI%), not exceeding 100%. The TDI% for the nivalenol group was approximately 2-3 times higher than that for the deoxynivalenol group. Notably, infants showed higher TDI% than adults for both toxin groups. By food processing type, the overall TDI% was highest for raw material, followed by simple-processed and then fermented-processed. Since glucoside conjugates can be converted into parent toxins during the digestion process, a risk assessment considering bioavailability allows the more accurate evaluation of the risk level of glucoside conjugates and can direct their safety management in the future.
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