The Protective Role of Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs and Proteins from Human Breast Milk against Infectious Agentsopen access
- Authors
- Kim, Ki-Uk; Han, Kyusun; Kim, Jisu; Kwon, Da Hyeon; Ji, Yong Woo; Yi, Dae Yong; Min, Hyeyoung
- Issue Date
- May-2023
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- exosome; human breast milk; microbial defense; proteomics; small RNA sequencing
- Citation
- Metabolites, v.13, no.5
- Journal Title
- Metabolites
- Volume
- 13
- Number
- 5
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/68723
- DOI
- 10.3390/metabo13050635
- ISSN
- 2218-1989
2218-1989
- Abstract
- Human breast milk (HBM)-derived exosomes contain various biological and immunological components. However, comprehensive immune-related and antimicrobial factor analysis requires transcriptomic, proteomic, and multiple databases for functional analyses, and has yet to be conducted. Therefore, we isolated and confirmed HBM-derived exosomes by detecting specific markers and examining their morphology using western blot and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, we implemented small RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate substances within the HBM-derived exosomes and their roles in combating pathogenic effects, identifying 208 miRNAs and 377 proteins associated with immunological pathways and diseases. Integrated omics analyses identified a connection between the exosomal substances and microbial infections. In addition, gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses demonstrated that HBM-derived exosomal miRNA and proteins influence immune-related functions and pathogenic infections. Finally, protein–protein interaction analysis identified three primary proteins (ICAM1, TLR2, and FN1) associated with microbial infections mediating pro-inflammation, controlling infection, and facilitating microbial elimination. Our findings determine that HBM-derived exosomes modulate the immune system and could offer therapeutic strategies for regulating pathogenic microbial infection. © 2023 by the authors.
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