Persistent Antibody Responses Up to 18 Months After Mild Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
- Authors
- Choe, Pyoeng Gyun; Hong, Jisu; Park, Jiyoung; Chang, Euijin; Kang, Chang Kyung; Kim, Nam Joong; Lee, Chang-Han; Park, Wan Beom; Oh, Myoung-don
- Issue Date
- Sep-2022
- Publisher
- OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
- Keywords
- COVID-19; ELISA; neutralizing antibodies; SARS-CoV-2; serological response
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, v.226, no.7, pp 1224 - 1230
- Pages
- 7
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
- Volume
- 226
- Number
- 7
- Start Page
- 1224
- End Page
- 1230
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/71867
- DOI
- 10.1093/infdis/jiac099
- ISSN
- 0022-1899
1537-6613
- Abstract
- Despite decreasing over time, humoral immunity persisted for up to 18 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in persons who had recovered from mild COVID-19. However, humoral immune activity against more recently circulating viral variants was reduced in this population. Background Humoral immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may wane rapidly in persons recovered from mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but little is known about the longevity. Methods Serum samples were obtained 8, 12, and 18 months after infection from 20 patients with mild COVID-19. The binding activities of serum antibodies (immunoglobulin [Ig]A, IgG, and IgM) against SARS-CoV-2 antigens of the Wuhan-1 reference strain (wild-type) and the B.1.1.7, P.1, B.1.167.2, and B.1.1.529 variants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Neutralizing antibody titers were measured using a cytopathic effect-based live virus neutralization assay. Results Serum IgA and IgG antibodies against spike or receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were detected for up to 18 months, and neutralizing antibodies persisted for 8 to 18 months after infection. However, any significant antibody responses against RBD proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants were not observed, and median neutralizing antibody titers against the Delta variant at 8, 12, and 18 months were 8- to 11-fold lower than against wild-type viruses (P<.001). Conclusions Humoral immunity persisted for up to 18 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with mild COVID-19. However, humoral immune activity against more recently circulating variants was reduced in this population.
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