A 28-GHz-195-dB FoMA 3.72-GHz/V Class-B/C Nested-gm VCO with Coupled Tail Filtering in a 65-nm CMOSopen access
- Authors
- Kim, Gwang Sub; Oh, Kwang-Il; Baek, Donghyun
- Issue Date
- 2024
- Publisher
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
- Keywords
- Area saving; CMOS; class-B/C; high VCO gain; gm boosting; LC tank; nested gm; noise filtering; phase noise; VCO
- Citation
- IEEE Access, v.12, pp 60620 - 60627
- Pages
- 8
- Journal Title
- IEEE Access
- Volume
- 12
- Start Page
- 60620
- End Page
- 60627
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/73689
- DOI
- 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3390778
- ISSN
- 2169-3536
- Abstract
- This paper introduces a class-B/C nested-<italic>gm</italic> voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with coupled tail filtering in the 28 GHz band. The addition of only two cross-coupled NMOSs duplicates the <italic>gm</italic> to boost the transconductance. This topology exhibits the characteristics of coupled VCOs, such as when two VCOs are interconnected through a transformer. The core area is minimized by implementing a tail-filtering inductor for a secondary harmonic filter in same space with the primary transformer. The proposed VCO is fabricated with a 65-nm CMOS process, an output frequency of 25.4–29.12 GHz, and a <italic>KVCO</italic> of 3.72 GHz/V. It has a supply voltage of 1 V and consumes 16.8 mW of power. It exhibits a phase noise of –105.34 dBc/Hz with a 1 MHz offset. The proposed VCO has a core area of 0.06 mm2. The figure of merit (FoM), FoM according to the area, and FoM according to <italic>KVCO</italic> are –182.37, –194.96, and –192.66 dB, respectively. Authors
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