A 4-20-Gb/s 1.87-pJ/b Continuous-Rate Digital CDR Circuit With Unlimited Frequency Acquisition Capability in 65-nm CMOS
- Authors
- Park, Kwanseo; Lee, Kwangho; Cho, Sung-Yong; Lee, Jinhyung; Hwang, Jeongho; Choo, Min-Seong; Jeong, Deog-Kyoon
- Issue Date
- Oct-2020
- Publisher
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- Keywords
- Capture range; clock and data recovery (CDR); continuous-rate operation; frequency acquisition; frequency detector (FD); referenceless; unlimited detection
- Citation
- IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, v.56, no.5, pp 1597 - 1607
- Pages
- 11
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
- Volume
- 56
- Number
- 5
- Start Page
- 1597
- End Page
- 1607
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/114160
- DOI
- 10.1109/JSSC.2020.3030816
- ISSN
- 0018-9200
1558-173X
- Abstract
- A continuous-rate referenceless clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit with an unlimited frequency acquisition capability is presented. The proposed frequency detector (FD) is derived from a multi-phase oversampling FD. Through accurate analysis of the root causes limiting the capture range, the extension techniques are proposed and digitally implemented by a small hardware overhead. The FD achieves the unlimited frequency detection capability and exhibits robust operation regardless of the initial clock frequency. The effect of the quadrature error is analyzed and verified by simulation. In addition, a frequency lock detector is implemented to control the loop gain for fast frequency acquisition. The prototype CDR circuit was designed and fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, occupying an active area of 0.045 mm2. The CDR circuit achieves a capture range from 4 Gb/s to 20 Gb/s, which is limited only by the oscillator operating range. The worst case acquisition time is 25 mu text{s} with a PRBS31 pattern. The CDR circuit achieves a BER less than 10-12 and an energy efficiency of 1.87 pJ/b. © 1966-2012 IEEE.
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