How Z-DNA/RNA binding proteins shape homeostasis, inflammation, and immunity
- Authors
- Kim, Chun
- Issue Date
- Sep-2020
- Publisher
- KOREAN SOCIETY BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- Keywords
- ADAR1; Inflammation; Necroptosis; ZBP1; Z-DNA; Z-RNA
- Citation
- BMB REPORTS, v.53, no.9, pp.453 - 457
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
KCI
- Journal Title
- BMB REPORTS
- Volume
- 53
- Number
- 9
- Start Page
- 453
- End Page
- 457
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/859
- DOI
- 10.5483/BMBRep.2020.53.9.141
- ISSN
- 1976-6696
- Abstract
- The right-handed double-helical structure of DNA (B-DNA), which follows the Watson-Crick model, is the canonical form of DNA existing in normal physiological settings. Even though an alternative left-handed structure of DNA (Z-DNA) was discovered in the late 1970s, Z-form nucleic acid has not received much attention from biologists, because it is extremely unstable under physiological conditions, has an ill-defined mechanism of its formation, and has obscure biological functions. The debate about the physiological relevance of Z-DNA was settled only after a class of proteins was found to potentially recognize the Z-form architecture of DNA. Interestingly, these Z-DNA binding proteins can bind not only the left-handed form of DNA but also the equivalent structure of RNA (Z-RNA). The Z-DNA/RNA binding proteins present from viruses to humans function as important regulators of biological processes. In particular, the proteins ADAR1 and ZBP1 are currently being extensively re-evaluated in the field to understand potential roles of the noncanonical Z-conformation of nucleic acids in host immune responses and human disease. Despite a growing body of evidence supporting the biological importance of Z-DNA/RNA, there remain many unanswered principal questions, such as when Z-form nucleic acids arise and how they signal to downstream pathways. Understanding Z-DNA/RNA and the sensors in different pathophysiological conditions will widen our view on the regulation of immune responses and open a new door of opportunity to develop novel types of immunomodulatory therapeutic possibilities.
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