Anticarcinogenic Effects of Products of Heat-Processed Ginsenoside Re, a Major Constituent of Ginseng Berry, on Human Gastric Cancer Cells
- Authors
- Jang, Hyuk-Jai; Han, Im-Ho; Kim, Young-Joo; Yamabe, Noriko; Lee, Dahae; Hwang, Gwi Seo; Oh, Miyoung; Choi, Kyung-Chul; Kim, Su-Nam; Ham, Jungyeob; Eom, Dae-Woon; Kang, Ki Sung
- Issue Date
- 2-Apr-2014
- Publisher
- AMER CHEMICAL SOC
- Keywords
- ginsenoside Re; heat-processing; gastric cancer; cell cycle arrest; apoptosis
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, v.62, no.13, pp.2830 - 2836
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
- Volume
- 62
- Number
- 13
- Start Page
- 2830
- End Page
- 2836
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/12698
- DOI
- 10.1021/jf5000776
- ISSN
- 0021-8561
- Abstract
- Ginsenoside Re is a triol type triterpene glycoside and is abundantly present in ginseng berry. In the present study, we verified that ginsenoside Re can be transformed into less-polar ginsenosides, namely, Rg2, Rg6, and F4, by heat-processing. The products of heat-processed ginsenoside Re inhibited phosphorylation of CDK2 at Thr160 by upregulation of p21 level, resulting in S phase arrest. The products of heat-processed ginsenoside Re also activated caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, followed by cleavage of PARP, a substrate of caspase-3, in a dose-dependent manner. Concurrently, alteration of mitochondrial factors such as Bcl-2 and Bax was also observed. Moreover, pretreatment with Z-VAD-fmk abrogated caspase-8, -9, and -3 activations by the products of heat-processed ginsenoside Re. We further confirmed that the anticancer effects of the products of heat-processed ginsenoside Re in AGS cells are mainly mediated via generation of less-polar ginsenosides Rg6 and F4.
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