Optimization of Oligosaccharide Production from Leuconostoc lactis Using a Response Surface Methodology and the Immunostimulating Effects of These Oligosaccharides on Macrophage Cells
- Authors
- Lee, Sulhee; Park, Gwi-Gun; Jang, Jae-Kweon; Park, Young-Seo
- Issue Date
- Sep-2018
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- response surface methodology; central composite design; oligosaccharide; optimization; immunostimulation; RAW264.7; lactic acid bacteria
- Citation
- MOLECULES, v.23, no.9
- Journal Title
- MOLECULES
- Volume
- 23
- Number
- 9
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/3455
- DOI
- 10.3390/molecules23092118
- ISSN
- 1420-3049
- Abstract
- Production of oligosaccharides from Leuconostoc lactis CCK940 was optimized using a response surface methodology with a central composite design. Culture temperature and the concentrations of sucrose and maltose were used as the main factors. The predicted optimum conditions for the production of oligosaccharides were a culture temperature of 30 degrees C, a sucrose concentration of 9.6% (w/v), and a maltose concentration of 7.4% (w/v). Using these optimal conditions, Leuconostoc lactis CCK940 was cultured using a fermenter to produce oligosaccharides, and the resulting oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization greater than 4 were purified by Bio-gel P2 gel permeation column chromatography and then lyophilized. When macrophages were treated with the purified oligosaccharides at concentrations of 0.1-10 mg/mL, no cytotoxicity towards the macrophages was observed. However, nitric oxide production levels were similar to those following treatment with 1 mu g/mL lipopolysaccharide. The mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were all also increased in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with the oligosaccharides. These data suggest that oligosaccharides produced by Leuconostoc lactis CCK940 could be used as an immune enhancer of macrophages.
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