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Associations between exploratory dietary patterns and incident type 2 diabetes: a federated meta-analysis of individual participant data from 25 cohort studiesopen access

Authors
Jannasch, FranziskaDietrich, StefanBishop, Tom R. P.Pearce, MatthewFanidi, AnouarO'Donoghue, GrainneO'Gorman, DonalMarques-Vidal, PedroVollenweider, PeterBes-Rastrollo, MairaByberg, LiisaWolk, AlicjaHashemian, MaryamMalekzadeh, RezaPoustchi, HosseinLuft, Vivian C.de Matos, Sheila M. AlvimKim, JihyeKim, Mi KyungKim, YeonjungStern, DaliaLajous, MartinMagliano, Dianna J.Shaw, Jonathan E.Akbaraly, TasnimeKivimaki, MikaMaskarinec, GertraudLe Marchand, LoicAngel Martinez-Gonzalez, MiguelSoedamah-Muthu, Sabita S.Wareham, Nicholas J.Forouhi, Nita G.Schulze, Matthias B.
Issue Date
Oct-2022
Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
Keywords
Dietary patterns; Exploratory; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Federated meta-analysis
Citation
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, v.61, no.7, pp.3649 - 3667
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
Volume
61
Number
7
Start Page
3649
End Page
3667
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/191186
DOI
10.1007/s00394-022-02909-9
ISSN
1436-6207
Abstract
Purpose In several studies, exploratory dietary patterns (DP), derived by principal component analysis, were inversely or positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, findings remained study-specific, inconsistent and rarely replicated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between DPs and T2D in multiple cohorts across the world. Methods This federated meta-analysis of individual participant data was based on 25 prospective cohort studies from 5 continents including a total of 390,664 participants with a follow-up for T2D (3.8-25.0 years). After data harmonization across cohorts we evaluated 15 previously identified T2D-related DPs for association with incident T2D estimating pooled incidence rate ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) by Piecewise Poisson regression and random-effects meta-analysis. Results 29,386 participants developed T2D during follow-up. Five DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, were associated with higher incidence of T2D. The strongest association was observed for a DP comprising these food groups besides others (IRRpooled per 1 SD = 1.104, 95% CI 1.059-1.151). Although heterogeneity was present (I-2 = 85%), IRR exceeded 1 in 18 of the 20 meta-analyzed studies. Original DPs associated with lower T2D risk were not confirmed. Instead, a healthy DP (HDP1) was associated with higher T2D risk (IRRpooled per 1 SD = 1.057, 95% CI 1.027-1.088). Conclusion Our findings from various cohorts revealed positive associations for several DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, adding to the evidence-base that links DPs to higher T2D risk. However, no inverse DP-T2D associations were confirmed.
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