Natural Occurrence of Alternaria Toxins in Agricultural Products and Processed Foods Marketed in South Korea by LC–MS/MSopen access
- Authors
- Woo, So Young; Lee, Sang Yoo; Jeong, Tae Kyun; Park, Su Mi; Auh, Joong Hyuck; Shin, Han-Seung; Chun, Hyang Sook
- Issue Date
- Dec-2022
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- Alternaria toxins; food products; method validation; occurrence; South Korea
- Citation
- Toxins, v.14, no.12
- Journal Title
- Toxins
- Volume
- 14
- Number
- 12
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/60558
- DOI
- 10.3390/toxins14120824
- ISSN
- 2072-6651
2072-6651
- Abstract
- Alternaria mycotoxins including alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), altertoxin-I (ATX-I), tentoxin (TEN), and tenuazonic acid (TeA), are ubiquitous contaminants in agricultural products. A method for the simultaneous determination of these six toxins by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) with solid phase extraction (SPE) was validated in rice, sesame, tomato, and apple juice matrices. The performance of the method was evaluated in terms of linearity (R2 > 0.999), the limit of detection (0.04–1.67 μg/kg), the limit of quantification (0.12–5.06 μg/kg), recovery (80.0–114.7%), and precision (<17.7%). The validated method was applied to monitor 152 marketed food samples in South Korea, as well as to investigate the co-occurrence and correlation between Alternaria toxins. The mean occurrence levels were 2.77 μg/kg for AOH, 4.36 μg/kg for AME, 0.14 μg/kg for ALT, 0.11 μg/kg for ATX-I, 0.43 μg/kg for TEN, and 104.56 μg/kg for TeA. Mean and extreme (95th percentile) daily dietary exposures of South Koreans to Alternaria toxins were estimated to be 22.93 ng/kg b.w./day and 86.07 ng/kg b.w./day, respectively. © 2022 by the authors.
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